Twenty-seven of the patients with pulmonary tumors that were resected and pathologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma between 19 had a past history of HNSq. We constructed the tissue microarrays using the resected specimens of 39 LUSqs and 48 HNSqs as the training set and evaluated the tendency of HNSq using the 16-grade system according to the positive staining of the four antibodies. Methods: We selected genes that were expressed in a markedly different manner in LUSq and HNSq using the results of expression microarrays and chose the antibodies for four proteins (CK19, MMP3, ZNF830, PI3) that had immunohistochemical results shown in the Human Protein Atlas ( ) that were distinguishable between LUSq and HNSq. This study aimed to establish an immunohistochemical scoring system for discrimination between LUSq and pulmonary metastasis of HNSq. Background: It is extremely difficult to distinguish between primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSq) and pulmonary metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSq) in patients with a past history of HNSq, even by histological examination of the resected specimen.
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